Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf.
Identifieur interne : 000290 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000289; suivant : 000291Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf.
Auteurs : Mourad A M. Aboul-Soud [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdelkader E. Ashour [Malaisie] ; Jonathan K. Challis [Canada] ; Atallah F. Ahmed [Arabie saoudite, Égypte] ; Ashok Kumar [Arabie saoudite] ; Amr Nassrallah [Égypte] ; Tariq A. Alahmari [Arabie saoudite] ; Quaiser Saquib [Arabie saoudite] ; Maqsood A. Siddiqui [Arabie saoudite] ; Yazeed Al-Sheikh [Arabie saoudite] ; Hany A. El-Shemy [Égypte] ; Ahmed M. Aboul-Enein [Égypte] ; Khalid M. Alghamdi [Arabie saoudite] ; Paul D. Jones [Canada] ; John P. Giesy [Canada, États-Unis]Source :
- Plants (Basel, Switzerland) [ 2223-7747 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Organic fractions and extracts of willow (Salix safsaf) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H2O2 with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.
DOI: 10.3390/plants9101295
PubMed: 33008079
PubMed Central: PMC7599573
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves <i>Salix safsaf</i>.</title><author><name sortKey="Aboul Soud, Mourad A M" sort="Aboul Soud, Mourad A M" uniqKey="Aboul Soud M" first="Mourad A M" last="Aboul-Soud">Mourad A M. Aboul-Soud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashour, Abdelkader E" sort="Ashour, Abdelkader E" uniqKey="Ashour A" first="Abdelkader E" last="Ashour">Abdelkader E. Ashour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah (College) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah (College) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pahang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Challis, Jonathan K" sort="Challis, Jonathan K" uniqKey="Challis J" first="Jonathan K" last="Challis">Jonathan K. Challis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Atallah F" sort="Ahmed, Atallah F" uniqKey="Ahmed A" first="Atallah F" last="Ahmed">Atallah F. 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Alahmari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saquib, Quaiser" sort="Saquib, Quaiser" uniqKey="Saquib Q" first="Quaiser" last="Saquib">Quaiser Saquib</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" sort="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" uniqKey="Siddiqui M" first="Maqsood A" last="Siddiqui">Maqsood A. Siddiqui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" sort="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" uniqKey="Al Sheikh Y" first="Yazeed" last="Al-Sheikh">Yazeed Al-Sheikh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Shemy, Hany A" sort="El Shemy, Hany A" uniqKey="El Shemy H" first="Hany A" last="El-Shemy">Hany A. El-Shemy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12613</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" sort="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Aboul Enein A" first="Ahmed M" last="Aboul-Enein">Ahmed M. Aboul-Enein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12613</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Khalid M" sort="Alghamdi, Khalid M" uniqKey="Alghamdi K" first="Khalid M" last="Alghamdi">Khalid M. Alghamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 240997, King Saud University, Riyadh 11322, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 240997, King Saud University, Riyadh 11322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Paul D" sort="Jones, Paul D" uniqKey="Jones P" first="Paul D" last="Jones">Paul D. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P" last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266 (254), USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266 (254)</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33008079</idno><idno type="pmid">33008079</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/plants9101295</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7599573</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000043</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000043</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000043</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000043</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000043</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves <i>Salix safsaf</i>.</title><author><name sortKey="Aboul Soud, Mourad A M" sort="Aboul Soud, Mourad A M" uniqKey="Aboul Soud M" first="Mourad A M" last="Aboul-Soud">Mourad A M. Aboul-Soud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashour, Abdelkader E" sort="Ashour, Abdelkader E" uniqKey="Ashour A" first="Abdelkader E" last="Ashour">Abdelkader E. Ashour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah (College) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah (College) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pahang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Challis, Jonathan K" sort="Challis, Jonathan K" uniqKey="Challis J" first="Jonathan K" last="Challis">Jonathan K. Challis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Atallah F" sort="Ahmed, Atallah F" uniqKey="Ahmed A" first="Atallah F" last="Ahmed">Atallah F. Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura 35516</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashok" sort="Kumar, Ashok" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashok" last="Kumar">Ashok Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nassrallah, Amr" sort="Nassrallah, Amr" uniqKey="Nassrallah A" first="Amr" last="Nassrallah">Amr Nassrallah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12613</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahmari, Tariq A" sort="Alahmari, Tariq A" uniqKey="Alahmari T" first="Tariq A" last="Alahmari">Tariq A. Alahmari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saquib, Quaiser" sort="Saquib, Quaiser" uniqKey="Saquib Q" first="Quaiser" last="Saquib">Quaiser Saquib</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" sort="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" uniqKey="Siddiqui M" first="Maqsood A" last="Siddiqui">Maqsood A. Siddiqui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" sort="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" uniqKey="Al Sheikh Y" first="Yazeed" last="Al-Sheikh">Yazeed Al-Sheikh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Shemy, Hany A" sort="El Shemy, Hany A" uniqKey="El Shemy H" first="Hany A" last="El-Shemy">Hany A. El-Shemy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12613</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" sort="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Aboul Enein A" first="Ahmed M" last="Aboul-Enein">Ahmed M. Aboul-Enein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12613</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Khalid M" sort="Alghamdi, Khalid M" uniqKey="Alghamdi K" first="Khalid M" last="Alghamdi">Khalid M. Alghamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 240997, King Saud University, Riyadh 11322, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 240997, King Saud University, Riyadh 11322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Paul D" sort="Jones, Paul D" uniqKey="Jones P" first="Paul D" last="Jones">Paul D. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P" last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266 (254), USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266 (254)</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Plants (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="ISSN">2223-7747</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Organic fractions and extracts of willow (<i>Salix safsaf</i>) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl<sub>3</sub>) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33008079</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>03</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2223-7747</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>9</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>30</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plants (Basel, Switzerland)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plants (Basel)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves <i>Salix safsaf</i>.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E1295</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/plants9101295</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Organic fractions and extracts of willow (<i>Salix safsaf</i>) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl<sub>3</sub>) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aboul-Soud</LastName><ForeName>Mourad A M</ForeName><Initials>MAM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9395-0563</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ashour</LastName><ForeName>Abdelkader E</ForeName><Initials>AE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah (College) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Challis</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ahmed</LastName><ForeName>Atallah F</ForeName><Initials>AF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1224-8428</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Ashok</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nassrallah</LastName><ForeName>Amr</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alahmari</LastName><ForeName>Tariq A</ForeName><Initials>TA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6672-3031</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saquib</LastName><ForeName>Quaiser</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Siddiqui</LastName><ForeName>Maqsood A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Sheikh</LastName><ForeName>Yazeed</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Shemy</LastName><ForeName>Hany A</ForeName><Initials>HA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aboul-Enein</LastName><ForeName>Ahmed M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3350-3451</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alghamdi</LastName><ForeName>Khalid M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 240997, King Saud University, Riyadh 11322, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>Paul D</ForeName><Initials>PD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giesy</LastName><ForeName>John P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266 (254), USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>Vice Deanship of Research Chairs</GrantID><Agency>Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Plants (Basel)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101596181</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2223-7747</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Salix safsaf</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">apoptosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cytotoxicity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">flavonoids</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mass spectrometry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">natural products</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">polyphenols</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>1</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33008079</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">plants9101295</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Aboul-Soud</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ahmed, Atallah F" sort="Ahmed, Atallah F" uniqKey="Ahmed A" first="Atallah F" last="Ahmed">Atallah F. Ahmed</name><name sortKey="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" sort="Al Sheikh, Yazeed" uniqKey="Al Sheikh Y" first="Yazeed" last="Al-Sheikh">Yazeed Al-Sheikh</name><name sortKey="Alahmari, Tariq A" sort="Alahmari, Tariq A" uniqKey="Alahmari T" first="Tariq A" last="Alahmari">Tariq A. Alahmari</name><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Khalid M" sort="Alghamdi, Khalid M" uniqKey="Alghamdi K" first="Khalid M" last="Alghamdi">Khalid M. Alghamdi</name><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Khalid M" sort="Alghamdi, Khalid M" uniqKey="Alghamdi K" first="Khalid M" last="Alghamdi">Khalid M. Alghamdi</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashok" sort="Kumar, Ashok" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashok" last="Kumar">Ashok Kumar</name><name sortKey="Saquib, Quaiser" sort="Saquib, Quaiser" uniqKey="Saquib Q" first="Quaiser" last="Saquib">Quaiser Saquib</name><name sortKey="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" sort="Siddiqui, Maqsood A" uniqKey="Siddiqui M" first="Maqsood A" last="Siddiqui">Maqsood A. Siddiqui</name></country><country name="Malaisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ashour, Abdelkader E" sort="Ashour, Abdelkader E" uniqKey="Ashour A" first="Abdelkader E" last="Ashour">Abdelkader E. Ashour</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Challis, Jonathan K" sort="Challis, Jonathan K" uniqKey="Challis J" first="Jonathan K" last="Challis">Jonathan K. Challis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P" last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P" last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><name sortKey="Jones, Paul D" sort="Jones, Paul D" uniqKey="Jones P" first="Paul D" last="Jones">Paul D. Jones</name><name sortKey="Jones, Paul D" sort="Jones, Paul D" uniqKey="Jones P" first="Paul D" last="Jones">Paul D. Jones</name></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ahmed, Atallah F" sort="Ahmed, Atallah F" uniqKey="Ahmed A" first="Atallah F" last="Ahmed">Atallah F. Ahmed</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" sort="Aboul Enein, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Aboul Enein A" first="Ahmed M" last="Aboul-Enein">Ahmed M. Aboul-Enein</name><name sortKey="El Shemy, Hany A" sort="El Shemy, Hany A" uniqKey="El Shemy H" first="Hany A" last="El-Shemy">Hany A. El-Shemy</name><name sortKey="Nassrallah, Amr" sort="Nassrallah, Amr" uniqKey="Nassrallah A" first="Amr" last="Nassrallah">Amr Nassrallah</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Texas"><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P" last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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